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摘要:【目的】明確不同贝龄企鹅珍珠贝形态性状对其湿重的影响,为目标性状的人工选育提供最佳参数指标,进而选育出具有优良遗传性能的群体。【方法】以养殖的6月龄和8月龄企鹅珍珠贝为研究对象,各200只,分别测定不同贝龄企鹅珍珠贝的性状指标,包括壳长(X1,mm)、壳宽(X2,mm)、壳高(X3,mm)、绞合线长(X4,mm)、耳长(X5,mm)、前耳至基部长(X6,mm)、前耳至壳顶长(X7,mm)、壳顶至基部长(X8,mm)、斜高(X9,mm)和湿重(Y,g),并通过相关分析、多元线性回归和通径分析等方法找出影响湿重的主要形态性状。【结果】除6月龄企鹅珍珠贝的壳高与耳长及8月龄企鹅珍珠贝的壳宽与耳长、耳长与前耳至壳顶长、前耳至壳顶长与壳顶至基部长外,其余各性状间的相关性均达极显著水平(P<0.01)。通径分析结果表明,6月龄贝保留形态性状对湿重直接作用的排序为壳宽(0.652)>壳高(0.178)>壳顶至基部长(0.130)>壳长(0.108)>耳长(0.103),间接作用最大的是壳顶至基部长通过壳宽(0.327),其次为耳长通过壳宽(0.264);8月龄贝保留形态性状对湿重直接作用的排序为壳高(0.547)>绞合线长(0.417)>壳宽(0.255)>耳长(-0.305),间接作用最大的是耳长通过绞合线长(0.341),其次是绞合线长通过壳高(0.270)。以企鹅珍珠贝的湿重为因变量、各形态性状为自变量进行多元回归分析,得到各形态性状对湿重的多元线性回归方程,6月龄贝为Y=0.009X1+0.399X2+0.018X3+0.016X5+0.025X8-2.445,8月龄贝为Y=0.307X2+0.259X3+0.123X4-0.136 X5-11.364。【结论】开展企鹅珍珠贝人工选育时应根据不同贝龄进行相应形态性状选择,当以湿重为选育目标时,幼贝在6月龄时应以壳宽作为首选性状,同时加强对壳高的协同选择;而在8月龄时应以壳高为首选性状,同时加强对绞合线长的协同选择。
关键词: 企鹅珍珠贝;贝龄;形态性状;湿重;相关分析;通径分析
中图分类号: S968.316 文献标志码: A 文章编号:2095-1191(2019)09-2088-07
Abstract:【Objective】The effects of morphological traits on the wet weight of different ages of oyster pearl Pteria penguin were determined, and the optimal parameters for artificial breeding with target traits were provided, and then the population with excellent genetic performance was selected. 【Method】The cultured 6-month-old and 8-month-old P. penguin were used as research objects, and each age randomly selected 200 individuals used to measure phenotypic traits, including shell length(X1, mm),shell width(X2, mm), shell height(X3, mm), strand length(X4, mm), ear length(X5, mm), length from front ear to base(X6, mm), length from front ear to shell top length(X7, mm), length from the top of the shell to the base(X8, mm), oblique height(X9, mm) and wet weight(Y, g), and through the correlation analysis, multiple linear regression and path analysis methods to find the main morphological traits affecting wet weight. 【Result】Apart from the relation between shell height and ear length of 6-month-old P. penguin between shell width and ear length, between ear length and length from front ear to shell top, between length from front ear to shell top and to the base of 8-month-old P. penguin, the correlation between other traits reached extremely significant level(P<0.01). The results of path analysis showed that the order of direct retention of morphological traits of 6-month-old shells on wet weight was shell width(0.652)>shell height(0.178)>length from the top of the shell to the base(0.130)>shell length(0.108)>ear length(0.103), the most indirect effect was the length from the top of the shell to the base through the shell width (0.327), followed by the ear length through the shell width(0.264). The 8-month-old shell retained the morphological traits directly on the wet weight sorted as shell height(0.547)>strand length(0.417)>shell width(0.255)>ear length(-0.305), the most influential effect was the ear length through the strand length(0.341), followed by the stranded length through shell height(0.270). Multivariate regression analysis was carried out with the wet weight of P. penguin as the dependent variable and each morphological trait as the independent variable. The multiple linear regression equation of each morphological trait to wet weight was obtained. That for 6-month-old shell was Y=0.009X1+0.399X2+0.018X3+0.016X5+0.025X8-2.445, and 8 month old shell was Y=0.307X2+0.259X3+0.123X4-0.136X5-11.364. 【Conclusion】When carrying out artificial selection and breeding of P. penguin, corresponding morphological traits should be selected according to different shell ages. When taking wet weight as the target of selection and breeding, shell width should be taken as the first selection character for young P. penguin at 6 months old, meanwhile, cooperative selection for shell height should be strengthened. At the age of 8 months, shell height should be the first choice, and cooperative selection of strand length should be strengthened.